How do you record an advance invoice and a final invoice?

Securing your business is paramount – and this is precisely the essence of an advance payment, which forms part of the total amount due. The contractor is obliged to pay an agreed sum in advance, provided this is stipulated in the contract. An advance payment invoice is then issued based on this payment. A final invoice, however, is processed only after the transaction is completed, i.e., once the entire service has been rendered or the goods have been received. How should these two documents be accounted for? Read on to find out!

Definition of a proforma invoice – what is it? Essential knowledge in a nutshell

Advance invoices are an important element of transactions as they record the receipt of part of the amount due from a counterparty. These documents must be taxed, but only and exclusively in the sphere of VAT. A settled advance invoice does not generate revenue, and one received is not a cost. This means, therefore, that it is not included in tax costs. The tax liability arises only upon the receipt of the full amount due, along with the issuance of the final invoice.

[accounting_banner]

Pro forma invoice it should contain information that enables transaction identification and a clear definition of the advance payment terms. These arise from the wording of the VAT Act. What data is being referred to?

  1. Invoice number and the date of issue of the proforma invoice.
  2. Seller and contractor details, such as name, address, and identification number (NIP).
  3. Description of the goods or services to which the advance payment relates.
  4. The monetary value of the advance payment that was made by the contractor.
  5. Advance payment due date.
  6. Information regarding the balance.
  7. Billing details.
  8. The value and tax rate.

Proforma invoice – when and how should it be issued?

Receiving part of a payment in the form of a deposit gives rise to a VAT liability. If this amount is paid by a business entity, the taxpayer is obliged to The advance invoice was issued by the 15th day of the month following receipt of the advance payment. This is confirmation of receipt. The situation is different when an advance payment is made by an individual without a registered business activity – in this case, an advance invoice can only be issued upon the request of that entity.

Types of advance invoices – how to book each of them?

Depending on From the transaction context, we can distinguish advance purchase invoices and advance sales invoices. This first one is a document that a business owner receives from their contractor before the delivery of goods or the provision of a service. This second one, on the other hand, is issued by a company to a trading partner. These types of invoices it is mostly booked as accrued income, as they do not generate revenue due to the order not yet being executed.

How to book a purchase advance invoice?

  1. Enter a debit entry to the supplier account – increase liabilities to the supplier (e.g. an „Accounts Payable” account) by the amount of the purchase advance. This means the company owes the supplier the amount of the advance.
  2. Configure purchase advance accounts or asset accounts – create a credit entry on the purchase advance account (e.g. „Purchase Advances” account) or the appropriate asset account (e.g. „Short-Term Assets – Advances” account) for the same amount. This reflects the payment of the advance and the company's right to receive the delivery of goods or services.
  3. Copy information from the proforma invoice – enter the invoice number, date of issue, supplier's details, description of ordered goods or services, and the advance payment amount on the proforma invoice.
  4. Record VAT.
  5. Post to the general ledger – Make an accounting entry in the main ledger, reflecting the purchase advance transaction on the appropriate accounts.

How to book a sales advance invoice in the accounting records?

  1. Enter a debit entry on the customer account – increase receivables (e.g. „Customers” account) by the amount of the sales advance. This means that the counterparty owes the company the amount of the advance.
  2. Configure advance payment accounts or liability accounts – create a credit entry on an advance account (e.g., „Customer Advances” account) or an appropriate liability account (e.g., „Financial Liabilities - Advances” account) for the same amount. This reflects the receipt of the advance payment and the company's obligation to deliver goods or services.
  3. Copy information from the proforma invoice – enter the document number, date of issue, customer details, description of goods or services ordered, and the advance payment amount on the advance payment invoice.
  4. Record VAT.
  5. Post to the general ledger – make an accounting entry in the main accounting register, reflecting the sales advance transaction on the appropriate accounts.

Contractor withdrawal – what to do in such a situation?

It sometimes happens that a party pays a deposit but then withdraws, meaning the service or sale did not go ahead. In such a circumstance, it is necessary to issue a correcting invoice, which is intended to withdraw from the VAT register. previously issued invoice. This is very important, because when a business accepts an advance payment, it is immediately recorded in VAT records. Such a document must also be correctly accounted for in the accounting records. This takes place in the period when documentation confirming the agreement on the terms of issuing the correction with the contractor is obtained.

How to account

Księgowanie faktury zaliczkowej nie jest ujmowane w KPiR ani w momencie zapłaty, ani jej wystawienia. Podstawą do zakwalifikowania kosztu, w tym zapłaconej na jego poczet zaliczki, będzie dopiero faktura końcowa. Faktura zaliczkowa nie stanowi kosztu w PIT, ale daje prawo do odliczenia podatku VAT już w momencie jej otrzymania – dlatego też dokumentacja ta jest potrzebna podatnikom. Wyjątkiem jest jednak sytuacja, kiedy cała należność spłacana jest za pomocą faktury zaliczkowej. Wówczas wydatki udokumentowane tylko tymi fakturami mogą zostać ujęte przez KPiR, ponieważ przyjmują charakter wydatku ostatecznego.

Jak księgować fakturę końcową? Czym ona jest i jaki ma związek z rachunkiem zaliczkowym?

Faktura końcowa jest podstawą do zaliczenia zapłaconej zaliczki w finalne koszty uzyskanych przychodów. Oznacza to, że musi zostać zaksięgowana w KPiR w pełnej wysokości kwoty netto zamówienia. Rachunek ten winien być zrealizowany wówczas, gdy kontrahent wywiąże się z całkowitej spłaty zamówionych dóbr bądź usług. Czy przedsiębiorca ma jednak zawsze powinność do wystawiania faktury końcowej? Otóż nie. W przypadku, gdy faktura zaliczkowa wystawiona została na pełną wartość kwoty do zapłaty za usługę lub towar, to sprzedawca nie jest zobowiązany do sporządzania faktury końcowej.

Warto wiedzieć, że jeżeli dostawa towarów czy wykonanie usługi odbywa się w tym samym okresie rozliczeniowym, podmiot wykonujący nie ma obowiązku do wystawiania odrębnej faktury zaliczkowej oraz faktury rozliczającej (końcowej). Może wystawić jeden rachunek, w którym opodatkuje całą transakcję – wraz z otrzymaną zaliczką.

Jak zaksięgować fakturę zaliczkową i końcową? – krótkie podsumowanie

Omawiane procedury księgowania dokumentów bywają skomplikowane i nierzadko wymagają doświadczenia – niektóre przypadki bowiem należy rozpatrywać indywidualnie pod kątem wcześniejszych i podobnych do siebie incydentów. Warto zatem skorzystać z opinii i pomocy ekspertów, którzy specjalizują się w szeroko rozumianej rachunkowości. Taki profesjonalny zespół jest częścią zdalnego accounting firm Open Profit. Otrzymasz od nas kompleksowe doradztwo oraz accounting services. Już więcej nie będziesz musiał zastanawiać się, jak zaksięgować fakturę zaliczkową w księgach rachunkowych – my zrobimy to za Ciebie! Co więcej, działamy w pełni online, dzięki czemu wszystkie formalności załatwisz bez wychodzenia z domu – cenimy Twój czas, bo wiemy, że dla zabieganych przedsiębiorców jest on na wagę złota.

 

FAQ – najczęściej zadawane pytania o księgowanie faktury zaliczkowej i końcowej

Advance invoices are most commonly issued when a deposit or partial payment is required before goods are delivered or services are rendered.

Advance invoices are typically used for high-value transactions to secure a partial payment. This receipt helps the entrepreneur finalise the final transaction.

Must a business always issue a final invoice?

Not necessarily. There are instances when drawing up this type of document is unnecessary. However, it all depends on the situation and its context.

How to book a cost advance invoice?

A cost advance invoice relates to advance payments for the purchase of goods or services. It is accounted for similarly to a standard advance invoice, but it is worth seeking specialist assistance in this area, as entering this document into the system follows a slightly different process.

      Contents